Solar cells are technological devices that convert sunlight directly into energy. To create electric power, light shining on the solar cell generates both a current and a voltage. This procedure requires two things: first, a material in which light absorption elevates an electron's energy state, and second, the passage of that higher energy electron from the solar cell onto an external circuit. After dissipating its energy in the external circuit, the electron returns to the solar cell. The criteria for photovoltaic energy conversion may be met using a number of materials and technologies, but in reality, practically all photovoltaic energy conversion employs semiconductor materials in the form of a p-n junction. In order to further the development of sustainable energy, such as solar energy, we will look at several kinds of solar cells and their uses in this article.